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Mormon (word)
The word or term ''Mormon'' most commonly denotes an adherent, practitioner, follower, or constituent of Mormonism in restorationist Christianity. ''Mormon'' also commonly refers, specifically, to a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which is often colloquially, but imprecisely, referred to as the ''Mormon Church''. In addition, the term ''Mormon'' may refer to any of the relatively small sects of Mormon fundamentalism, and any branch of the Latter Day Saint movement that recognizes Brigham Young as the successor to founder Joseph Smith The term ''Mormon'' applies to the religion of Mormonism, as well as its culture, texts, and art.
The term derives from the Book of Mormon, a sacred text published in 1830 regarded by the faith as a supplemental Testament to the Bible. Adherents believe that the book was translated from an ancient record by Joseph Smith by the gift and power of God. The text claims to be an ancient chronicle of a fallen and lost indigenous American nation, compiled by the prophet–warrior Mormon and his son Moroni, the last of his Nephite people. The term ''Mormon'' was initially a derogatory term applied to Latter Day Saints in the 1830s, but soon was embraced by the faith. Because the term became identified with polygamy in the mid-to-late-19th century, some Latter Day Saint denominations who never practiced polygamy have renounced the term.
==Origin of the term==
The term "Mormon" is taken from the title of the Book of Mormon, a sacred text adherents believe to have been translated from golden plates which had their location revealed by an angel to Joseph Smith and published in 1830. According to the text of the Book of Mormon, the word Mormon stems from the Land of Mormon, where the prophet Alma preached the gospel and baptized converts. Mormon—who was named after the land—was a 4th-century prophet–historian who compiled and abridged many records of his ancestors into the Book of Mormon. The book is believed by Mormons to be a literal record of God's dealings with pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas from approximately 2600 BC through AD 420,〔Daniel H. Ludlow, ''A Companion to Your Study of the Book of Mormon'' p. 117, quoted in Church Educational System (1996, rev. ed.). (''Book of Mormon Student Manual'' ) (Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), ch. 6.〕 written by prophets and followers of Jesus Christ. The book records the teachings of Jesus Christ to the people in the Americas as well as Christ's personal ministry among the people of Nephi after his resurrection.〔(3 Nephi, chapters 11-26 ), from scriptures.lds.org, an official website of the LDS Church〕 Mormons believe the Book of Mormon is another witness of Jesus Christ, "holy scripture comparable to the Bible".〔(Introduction, Book of Mormon )〕
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', one of the earliest published usages of the term "Mormon" to describe believers in the Book of Mormon was in 1833 by the Louisville (Kentucky) ''Daily Herald'' in an article, "The Mormons and the Anti-Mormons".〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', s.v. "Mormon".〕
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